JEE Main 2026 Syllabus | Physics, Chemistry, Mathamatics

Physics Unit 1: Physics and Measurement

This inaugural unit is the bedrock upon which your entire understanding of physics will be built. It introduces the fundamental language of the subject: physical quantities, the rigorous framework of systems of units (with a laser focus on the internationally accepted S.I. units), and the powerful tool of dimensions. While it might appear elementary, this chapter is a consistent source of scoring questions, particularly focusing on dimensional analysis, the nuances of error propagation, and the practical concept of significant figures. A rock-solid command here is your insurance against making critical and often silly mistakes in more complex calculations later on. Master the use of Vernier calipers and screw gauge, including their least count and zero error calculations, as questions based on these are frequent. Strong dimensional homogeneity checking will become an invaluable skill.

Physics Unit 2: Kinematics

Kinematics is the pure, geometric study of motion, detached from the forces that cause it. It forms the absolute cornerstone of mechanics. This unit demands mastery of concepts like frame of reference, the distinction between distance and displacement, and between speed and velocity. You will dissect uniform and non-uniform motion, and delve deep into uniformly accelerated motion using the three core equations of motion. A major part of the unit involves the interpretation and use of graphical representations, such as position-time graphs and velocity-time graphs. The challenge, and the bulk of the questions, comes from extending these ideas to two dimensions, where you must master projectile motion (including projection on inclined planes) and the tricky concept of relative velocity (especially in river-boat and rain-man problems). A very strong, intuitive foundation in vector algebra is non-negotiable for success in this unit.

Physics Unit 3: Laws of Motion

This unit, built around the three iconic Newton’s Laws of Motion, introduces the dynamic concept of 'force' and its intricate relationship with inertia, mass, and acceleration. It lies at the very heart of classical mechanics. You will explore the concepts of linear momentum, impulse (force integrated over time), and the profoundly important law of conservation of linear momentum, along with its myriad applications like in collisions and rocket propulsion. A significant portion of this chapter is dedicated to the practical and ever-present force of friction (analyzing static, kinetic, and rolling friction). You will also master the dynamics of uniform circular motion, calculating centripetal force and applying it to real-world scenarios like a vehicle on a level circular road and a vehicle on a banked road. The single most crucial skill to develop in this unit is the ability to draw accurate, comprehensive free-body diagrams (FBDs). Master FBDs, and you master this chapter.

Physics Unit 4: Work, Energy, and Power

This unit provides a powerful, elegant, scalar-based alternative for solving complex mechanics problems, often bypassing the need for direct force calculations. It revolves around the central concepts of work done by both constant and variable forces (requiring integration) and introduces the two fundamental forms of mechanical energy: kinetic energy (energy of motion) and potential energy (stored energy of configuration). The cornerstone of this chapter is the indispensable work-energy theorem, which connects work done to the change in kinetic energy. You will learn to distinguish between conservative and non-conservative forces (like friction) and apply the powerful principle of conservation of mechanical energy in appropriate scenarios. The potential energy of a spring (½kx²) and the concept of power (the rate of doing work) are also key. The unit concludes with the analysis of elastic and inelastic collisions in both one and two dimensions. This is a very high-scoring unit.

Physics Unit 5: Rotational Motion

Often perceived as one of the most conceptually challenging units in mechanics, Rotational Motion extends the familiar principles of linear motion to the complex world of rotating rigid bodies. Success here requires strong three-dimensional visualization skills and a methodical approach. The unit begins with the concept of the center of mass of a two-particle system and then generalizes to rigid bodies. Key concepts that form the core of this chapter are moment of a force (torque), which is the rotational analogue of force, and angular momentum, the rotational analogue of linear momentum. The law of conservation of angular momentum is a profoundly important principle with many stunning applications. A major computational focus is on calculating the moment of inertia (rotational inertia) for various standard geometrical objects using the indispensable theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes. Grasping the direct mathematical analogy between all linear and rotational motion variables (e.g., v -> ω, F -> τ, p -> L, m -> I) is the secret to simplifying this topic.

Physics Unit 6: Gravitation

This fascinating unit expands our view from terrestrial mechanics to the grand ballet of the cosmos. It is governed by Newton's universal law of gravitation. You will study the acceleration due to gravity (g) and its variation with both altitude and depth. You will also explore the empirical and elegant Kepler's laws of planetary motion. The unit then delves into the scalar concepts of gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential. It is crucial to note the strong mathematical and conceptual analogy between the concepts in Gravitation and those in Electrostatics (e.g., mass and charge, G and 1/4πε₀); mastering this unit will pay dividends later. Important applications that are frequently tested include the dynamics of satellite motion (calculating orbital velocity and time period) and the concept of escape velocity. The questions are generally direct but demand absolute precision in the application of formulas and concepts.

Physics Unit 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids

This unit provides a comprehensive look into the mechanical properties of matter in its condensed states. It begins with the properties of solids, covering concepts like elastic behavior, the stress-strain relationship, and the experimental Hooke's Law. You will learn to work with the three crucial moduli of elasticity: Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and the modulus of rigidity. A larger and more application-intensive part of the unit covers fluid mechanics. This includes the study of pressure due to a fluid column, the far-reaching Pascal's law and its applications (like the hydraulic lift), the concept of viscosity and Stoke's law (leading to terminal velocity), and the energy conservation principle for fluids: Bernoulli's principle. The unit concludes with the fascinating world of surface phenomena, exploring surface energy, surface tension, angle of contact, and their applications in explaining the shape of drops, bubbles, and the phenomenon of capillary rise. This is a diverse unit with many direct, real-world applications.

Physics Unit 8: Thermodynamics

As a crucial unit that features prominently in both Physics and Chemistry, Thermodynamics is a non-negotiable, high-weightage topic. It deals with the fundamental laws governing heat, work, and energy transfer in physical systems. The unit begins with the concepts of thermal equilibrium and temperature, leading to the zeroth law of thermodynamics. You will explore the relationship between heat, work, and internal energy, formally encapsulated in the first law of thermodynamics. A significant portion of the unit is dedicated to analyzing various thermodynamic processes, such as isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric processes, and calculating the work done in each. The second law of thermodynamics, which introduces the concept of entropy and defines the direction of natural processes, is also covered, along with the concepts of reversible and irreversible processes. The ability to interpret and calculate work done from P-V diagrams is an essential skill that is frequently tested.

Physics Unit 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases

This conceptually rich chapter provides the vital microscopic model that explains the macroscopic behavior of gases, bridging the gap between mechanics and thermodynamics. The theory starts with the fundamental equation of state of a perfect gas (PV=nRT) and the core assumptions of the kinetic theory. Key derivations and concepts that you must master include the expression for pressure exerted by a gas and the profound insight of the kinetic interpretation of temperature (average kinetic energy is proportional to T). You will learn to calculate the RMS speed of gas molecules. The chapter also introduces the concepts of degrees of freedom, the powerful law of equipartition of energy, and its direct application in calculating the specific heat capacities of monoatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic gases. The concept of the mean free path is also introduced. This chapter is loved by examiners for its conceptual questions.

Physics Unit 10: Oscillations and Waves

This unit covers two deeply interconnected and mathematically intensive topics. The first part, Oscillations, focuses on periodic motion, with a special and detailed emphasis on Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM). You must achieve complete fluency with the differential equation of SHM, its solution (x = A sin(ωt + φ)), the concepts of phase and restoring force, and the calculation of kinetic and potential energy in SHM. The dynamics of a simple pendulum and loaded springs are key applications. The second part, Waves, deals with the propagation of energy through a medium. You must distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves and master the mathematical description of a progressive wave. The principle of superposition of waves is central, leading to the phenomena of interference, the formation of standing waves in strings and organ pipes (including fundamental modes and harmonics), and the phenomenon of beats. Strong proficiency with trigonometric identities is absolutely essential for success in this unit.

Physics Unit 11: Electrostatics

Marking the beginning of the Class 12 syllabus, Electrostatics is a vast, foundational, and extremely high-weightage unit. It deals with the properties of static electric charges. The unit begins with the quantization of charge and moves to Coulomb's law, which describes the forces between point charges. The superposition principle allows the calculation of forces and fields for systems of multiple charges and continuous charge distributions. The concept of the electric field, electric field lines, and the behavior of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field are central. A major, powerful tool introduced here is Gauss's law and its application in calculating electric fields for symmetrical charge distributions like infinite wires, sheets, and spherical shells. The unit then explores the scalar concepts of electric potential, potential difference, equipotential surfaces, and the potential energy of systems of charges. Finally, it covers the crucial topic of capacitors and dielectrics, including series and parallel combinations and energy stored in a capacitor. This unit is the bedrock of electromagnetism.

Physics Unit 12: Current Electricity

Often considered one of the most consistently high-scoring units across the entire Physics syllabus, Current Electricity deals with the dynamics of charge flow. The unit begins with the definition of electric current, the microscopic concepts of drift velocity and mobility, and their relation to current. The centerpiece of the chapter is Ohm's law and its application to circuits, along with the concepts of electrical resistance, resistivity, and conductivity. A significant focus is placed on the analysis of complex circuits, which requires mastery of series and parallel combinations of both resistors and cells (internal resistance, emf). The two most powerful tools for circuit analysis, Kirchhoff's laws (KCL and KVL), are absolutely essential and must be practiced extensively. You will also study important electrical measurement instruments such as the Wheatstone bridge, the Metre Bridge, and the potentiometer, understanding their principles and applications. Extensive and timed practice is the only key to achieving both speed and accuracy in solving circuit problems.

Physics Unit 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

This extensive unit beautifully establishes the profound and intricate connection between electricity and magnetism. It begins with the fundamental discovery that moving charges (currents) produce magnetic fields. You will learn to calculate these fields using the Biot-Savart law (for elemental currents) and Ampere's law (a powerful tool for symmetric current distributions like solenoids and toroids). The unit then covers the force experienced by moving charges (Lorentz force) and current-carrying conductors in uniform magnetic and electric fields, leading to the formal definition of the ampere. Practical applications like the cyclotron and the moving coil galvanometer are important. The second part of the unit deals with magnetism as a separate phenomenon, exploring the properties of a bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, and the torque experienced by a magnetic dipole (like a compass needle) in a uniform magnetic field. Finally, it introduces the classification of magnetic materials into para-, dia-, and ferromagnetic substances, with examples and explanations based on their atomic structure.

Physics Unit 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents (AC)

This unit is the operational heart of our modern electrical world, explaining how electricity is generated from magnetism. The first part, Electromagnetic Induction (EMI), is governed by the two fundamental laws: Faraday's law of induction, which quantifies the induced electromotive force (e.m.f), and Lenz's law, which gives the direction of the induced current and is a manifestation of energy conservation. You will study practical concepts like eddy currents, and the crucial circuit elements of self and mutual inductance. The second part, Alternating Currents (AC), is the primary application of EMI. It involves the detailed analysis of LCR series circuits when connected to an AC source. You must master the concepts of phasors, reactance (for inductors and capacitors), and impedance (the total opposition to current). The highlight of the chapter is the phenomenon of resonance in LCR circuits, its sharpness (Q-factor), and the practical concepts of power in AC circuits and wattless current. This chapter is mathematically intensive but conceptually very rewarding and utterly crucial.

Physics Unit 15: Electromagnetic Waves

This is a relatively short but conceptually vital chapter that serves as the grand unification of the theories of electricity and magnetism. It introduces the brilliant theoretical concept of displacement current, a crucial modification made by Maxwell to Ampere's law that predicts the existence of EM waves. The core of the chapter is understanding the fundamental properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves: they are transverse in nature, they travel at the speed of light in a vacuum, and they carry energy and momentum. You are expected to be familiar with the full electromagnetic spectrum, including the names, wavelength ranges, and one or two key applications of each type of wave: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. The questions from this chapter are almost always direct and theoretical, making it an easy-scoring chapter that should be thoroughly memorized.

Physics Unit 16: Optics

Optics is a major, high-weightage unit traditionally divided into two distinct sub-fields: Ray Optics and Wave Optics. Ray Optics, or Geometrical Optics, treats light as rays traveling in straight lines. It deals with the phenomena of reflection and refraction. You must master the mirror formula for spherical mirrors and the thin lens formula and lens maker's formula for spherical lenses. It also covers image formation by prisms, the phenomenon of total internal reflection and its applications (like optical fibers), and the working of optical instruments such as the microscope and astronomical telescope (both reflecting and refracting types). Wave Optics, on the other hand, treats light as a wave, explaining phenomena that ray optics cannot. It is built on Huygens' principle. Key topics include the detailed study of interference, particularly from Young's double-slit experiment (YDSE), the phenomenon of diffraction due to a single slit, and the concept of polarization of light (including Brewster's law and the use of polaroids). This entire unit carries very significant weightage and requires dedicated, focused study.

Physics Unit 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

This fascinating chapter marks the grand entry into the bizarre yet beautiful world of Modern Physics, introducing concepts that fundamentally challenge our classical intuition. It revolves around the central theme that entities like light and matter can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, a concept known as wave-particle duality. The key experimental evidence for the particle nature of light is the photoelectric effect. You must thoroughly understand the experimental observations of Hertz and Lenard and, most importantly, Einstein's photoelectric equation, which elegantly explains these observations by postulating the existence of light quanta called photons. The chapter then flips the coin and discusses the wave nature of matter, introducing the famous de Broglie relation (λ = h/p) and its experimental verification by the Davisson-Germer experiment. Questions are very often graphical and test your deep understanding of the experimental setups and their profound conclusions. This is a very interesting and high-scoring topic.

Physics Unit 18: Atoms and Nuclei

Continuing the exploration of Modern Physics, this unit delves deep into the structure of the atom and its tiny, dense nucleus. The 'Atoms' section revisits the historical development of atomic models, starting from the alpha-particle scattering experiment of Rutherford, which established the nuclear model of the atom. The main focus is on the Bohr model of the atom, its postulates, and its successful application in explaining the energy levels and the line spectrum of the hydrogen atom. The 'Nuclei' part discusses the composition and size of the nucleus, leading to the concepts of atomic masses, the famous mass-energy relation (E=mc²), and the idea of mass defect and binding energy per nucleon. The binding energy curve and its implications are a key concept. The unit concludes with an introduction to the powerful nuclear phenomena of nuclear fission (used in reactors) and nuclear fusion (the energy source of stars). This unit is heavily formula-based and a reliable source of marks if you remember the key results.

Physics Unit 19: Electronic Devices

Also known as Semiconductor Physics, this unit deals with the electrical properties of a class of materials that are the foundation of all modern electronics: semiconductors. You will study the concept of energy bands in solids to distinguish between conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. The unit then focuses on intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (p-type and n-type). The central device studied is the p-n junction diode. You must master its behavior under forward and reverse bias, its detailed I-V characteristics, and its application as a rectifier (half-wave and full-wave). The syllabus also includes the I-V characteristics of several special-purpose p-n junction diodes, such as the Light Emitting Diode (LED), the photodiode, the solar cell, and the Zener diode, with a particular focus on the Zener diode's application as a voltage regulator. The unit concludes with a crucial introduction to digital electronics through the study of fundamental logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR) and their truth tables. This is a very important and high-scoring chapter.

Physics Unit 20: Experimental Skills

This unique and practical section does not test new theoretical concepts but rather your familiarity with the principles, procedures, sources of error, and analysis of common experiments performed in the school physics laboratory during Classes 11 and 12. Questions are specifically designed to be application-based. You are expected to be thoroughly familiar with the working of instruments like the Vernier caliper and the screw gauge for length measurement, the simple pendulum for determining 'g', and the metre bridge and potentiometer for measuring resistance and emf respectively. Other experiments include determining the Young's modulus of a material, finding the surface tension of water by capillary rise, measuring the viscosity of a liquid, finding the focal length of convex/concave mirrors and lenses using the parallax method, and plotting the characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode and a Zener diode. A practical, hands-on understanding of these experiments is necessary to comfortably score these often-considered bonus marks.

Mathematics Unit 1: Sets, Relations, and Functions

This chapter forms the fundamental language upon which a significant portion of modern mathematics is built. It starts with the concept of sets, their representation (roster and set-builder form), types of sets, and operations like union, intersection, complement, and their algebraic properties. It then progresses to the concept of relations, defining types of relations with a very strong focus on equivalence relations (reflexive, symmetric, transitive). The final and most crucial part of the chapter is on functions, covering their definition, domain, codomain, range, and classifying them into types like one-one (injective) and onto (surjective) functions. The composition of functions and the concept of invertible functions are also key. This chapter is the absolute foundation for Calculus and must be conceptually crystal clear.

Mathematics Unit 2: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

This unit combines two vital and interconnected topics in algebra. The study of Quadratic equations is a continuation from earlier classes, but with a deeper focus on the relationship between roots and coefficients (Vieta's formulas), the nature of roots (using the discriminant), and the formation of quadratic equations with given roots. Complex numbers are introduced as a new system of numbers, represented as ordered pairs of reals or in the form a + ib. You must master their algebra, their representation on the Argand plane, and the concepts of modulus, argument (amplitude), and polar representation. The powerful de Moivre's theorem and its application in finding roots of unity are also part of this unit. This chapter requires very strong algebraic manipulation skills.

Mathematics Unit 3: Matrices and Determinants

This is a consistently high-scoring and relatively straightforward unit from the Class 12 syllabus, making it a must-do for every aspirant. It deals with the algebra of matrices (addition, multiplication), types of matrices, and the concept of determinants for square matrices of order two and three. Key applications that are frequently tested include calculating the area of a triangle using determinants, finding the adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, and using the inverse to solve systems of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables (the matrix method). A thorough understanding and application of the various properties of determinants is the secret to solving many problems efficiently and quickly. A lot of methodical practice can make you extremely fast and accurate in this chapter.

Mathematics Unit 4: Permutations and Combinations

Often considered tricky but highly logical, this chapter on combinatorics is entirely about the art of systematic counting. It is built upon the fundamental principle of counting (multiplication and addition rules). You need to clearly understand the distinction between permutations, which deal with arrangements where order matters, and combinations, which deal with selections where order does not matter. The meaning and application of the formulas for P(n, r) and C(n, r) are central. The questions require sharp logical thinking, careful interpretation of the wording, and the ability to break down complex problems into smaller cases. This chapter includes problems on circular permutations and arrangements with repetitions. It is the essential prerequisite for the chapter on Probability.

Mathematics Unit 5: Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications

This chapter provides a powerful algebraic formula for the expansion of expressions of the form (a+b)ⁿ for any positive integral index n. You will need to master the formula for the expansion and be able to find the general term, the middle term(s), and the coefficient of a specific power of x in the expansion. The properties of the binomial coefficients (ⁿCᵣ) are also very important and form the basis of many problems. The questions from this chapter are generally straightforward, formula-based, and offer a very good opportunity to score marks relatively easily with sufficient practice on standard problem types.

Mathematics Unit 6: Sequence and Series

This chapter deals with the study of numbers arranged in a definite pattern. It covers Arithmetic Progression (AP) and Geometric Progression (GP) in great detail, including their general terms (nth term), the sum of the first n terms, and their characteristic properties. It also introduces the concepts of Arithmetic Means and Geometric Means and the relationship between them (AM ≥ GM). The summation of special series using sigma notation (Σk, Σk², Σk³) is also an important part of this topic. This is a fundamental chapter in algebra with wide-ranging applications in various other fields of mathematics and science.

Mathematics Unit 7: Limit, Continuity, and Differentiability

This unit marks the grand beginning of Calculus, which is arguably the most important and highest-weightage section in the entire JEE Mathematics syllabus. A limit is the foundational concept upon which the entire edifice of Calculus is built. You need to master the concept of limits, standard limits (like sinx/x), and various methods of evaluation for indeterminate forms (factorization, rationalization, and the powerful L'Hopital's rule). Continuity and differentiability are properties of functions that are defined using limits. The chapter then moves to the process of differentiation, covering the derivatives of various types of functions (polynomial, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential), and the rules of differentiation (product rule, quotient rule, chain rule). Key applications of derivatives, which form the latter part of this extensive unit, include finding the rate of change of quantities, identifying monotonic (increasing and decreasing) functions, and locating points of maxima and minima for functions of one variable.

Mathematics Unit 8: Integral Calculus

This vast and practice-intensive unit is the reverse process of differentiation and is broadly divided into indefinite and definite integration. You must practice a very wide variety of problems to master the numerous methods of integration, such as integration by substitution, integration using trigonometric identities, integration by partial fractions, and integration by parts (using the ILATE rule). Definite integration, which calculates the value of an integral over a specific interval, is a major focus. The properties of definite integrals are extremely powerful and are the key to solving many complex problems quickly and elegantly. A major application of definite integrals, which is a standalone topic, is calculating the area of regions bounded by simple curves. This unit demands immense, consistent, and dedicated practice more than any other topic.

Mathematics Unit 9: Differential Equations

This engaging chapter deals with equations that involve an unknown function and its derivatives. The JEE Main syllabus focuses on ordinary differential equations of the first order and first degree. You will learn to identify and solve these equations using various standard methods. These methods include solving equations by separation of variables, solving homogeneous differential equations, and solving linear differential equations of the standard type dy/dx + P(x)y = Q(x) by using an integrating factor. The questions are generally very methodical and require you to correctly identify the type of the differential equation and then apply the corresponding standard method to find the solution. The formation of a differential equation from a given general solution is also a part of the syllabus.

Mathematics Unit 10: Co-ordinate Geometry

This is a major, high-weightage, and highly formula-intensive section of the mathematics syllabus. It starts with the basics of the Cartesian system, including the distance formula, section formula, and the concept of locus. It then covers the topic of the Straight Line in great detail, including various forms of its equation, the angle between two lines, and the distance of a point from a line. The second and larger part, Conic Sections, covers the standard equations, properties, and parametrics of the Circle, Parabola, Ellipse, and Hyperbola. For each conic, you need to be thorough with concepts like tangent, normal, director circle, and chords. Strong three-dimensional visualization skills, an excellent command of all the standard formulas and properties, and the ability to quickly sketch the curves are absolutely essential to score well in this section.

Mathematics Unit 11: Three Dimensional Geometry

3D Geometry extends the concepts of 2D coordinate geometry and vector algebra into three-dimensional space. The chapter begins with the concepts of direction cosines and direction ratios of a line. The main focus of the chapter is on the equations of lines and planes in space. Key problem types that are frequently asked include finding the angle between two lines, two planes, or a line and a plane; finding the shortest distance between two skew lines; finding the equation of a plane in various forms; and finding the coordinates of the image of a point or the foot of the perpendicular from a point to a line or a plane. This topic is very closely and powerfully linked with Vector Algebra, and using vector methods often simplifies the problems significantly. It is a high-weightage and very scoring topic if you are good with visualization and fluent with the formulas.

Mathematics Unit 12: Vector Algebra

Vectors are quantities that possess both magnitude and direction, and they are a powerful tool in both mathematics and physics. This chapter deals with the algebra of vectors, including vector addition, scalar multiplication, and finding the components of a vector in two and three-dimensional space. The two most important concepts in this chapter are the two types of vector products: the scalar (or dot) product and the vector (or cross) product. You must master their properties, their geometric interpretations (like projection, work done, area of a parallelogram, and torque), and their applications. The chapter also covers the scalar triple product and the vector triple product, which are used to calculate the volume of a parallelepiped and in other geometric applications. Vector algebra serves as a powerful and often simplifying prerequisite for 3D Geometry.

Mathematics Unit 13: Statistics and Probability

The Statistics part of this unit primarily focuses on the calculation of measures of central tendency and, more importantly, measures of dispersion. You should be adept at calculating the mean deviation, variance, and standard deviation for both grouped and ungrouped data. The Probability part is more extensive and conceptually deeper. It covers the fundamental axioms of probability, the probability of an event, the addition and multiplication theorems of probability, and the crucial concept of conditional probability. The highlight of the chapter is Baye's theorem and the law of total probability. It also covers the concept of a random variable and its probability distribution, including the mean and variance of the distribution. The questions from this unit require very careful reading of the problem statement and clear logical thinking.

Mathematics Unit 14: Trigonometry

This unit covers a wide range of topics, including trigonometric functions, identities, and equations. You need to be absolutely thorough with all the trigonometric ratios for allied angles, compound angle formulas, and transformation formulas (sum to product and product to sum). The chapter also covers inverse trigonometric functions, their graphs, their properties, and solving equations involving them. The section on the properties of triangles (Sine rule, Cosine rule) is also included. While the number of direct questions from pure trigonometry may be limited, it acts as a fundamental and indispensable tool that is used extensively in solving complex problems in other major areas like Calculus, Coordinate Geometry, and Complex Numbers. A strong, fluent command of all trigonometric formulas and identities is non-negotiable for achieving both speed and accuracy across the entire mathematics paper.

When will the official NTA JEE Mains 2026 Syllabus be released?

The National Testing Agency (NTA) typically releases the official information bulletin, which contains the finalized syllabus, a few months prior to the first session of the examination. For the JEE Mains 2026, this is most likely expected to be released towards the end of the calendar year 2025. We recommend students to start their preparation based on the latest available syllabus, as drastic changes are very infrequent, and any changes are usually in the form of minor rationalizations. Stay tuned to the official NTA website and this VRSAM page for the latest updates.

How Should I Prioritize Topics Within the Syllabus?

Prioritization should be a dynamic process based on a mix of factors: chapter weightage from previous years' papers, your personal comfort level (strengths and weaknesses), and the conceptual importance of the topic as a prerequisite for other chapters. Divide topics into categories like 'Must-Do High Weightage', 'Easy Scoring', and 'Difficult but Important' to create a personalized study plan.

Is the JEE Main syllabus identical to the JEE Advanced syllabus?

No, they are not identical, although there is a very significant overlap between the two. The JEE Main syllabus can be considered as a large subset of the JEE Advanced syllabus. The syllabus for JEE Advanced is more extensive, with several extra topics added, particularly in Mathematics and Physics. More importantly, the depth of conceptual understanding and the complexity of problem-solving required for JEE Advanced are of a much higher order. However, a thorough and masterful preparation for the JEE Mains syllabus is the perfect and absolutely essential stepping stone for building a strong foundation for JEE Advanced.

Are NCERT books alone sufficient to cover the entire syllabus?

The NCERT textbooks are absolutely essential, non-negotiable, and form the very bedrock of your preparation. For Chemistry, especially Inorganic and Organic, the NCERT books are considered the gold standard, and a significant portion of the questions are framed directly from them. They are excellent for building foundational concepts in all three subjects. However, to secure a top rank, especially in Physics and Mathematics, relying solely on NCERT books is not sufficient. You must supplement your preparation with more advanced reference books, problem-solving guides, and previous years' question banks to gain exposure to the wide variety of problem types and the level of difficulty expected in JEE Main.

Which topics were recently removed from the JEE Main syllabus?

Yes, in the last couple of years, the NTA has undertaken a process of syllabus rationalization to align it more closely with the updated school curricula. Some topics that were removed in the most recent updates included 'Communication Systems' in Physics, 'States of Matter' and 'S-block elements' in Chemistry, and 'Mathematical Induction' and 'Mathematical Reasoning' in Maths, among others. It is absolutely crucial to refer to the latest official syllabus released by the NTA for the specific year you are attempting the exam to ensure you are focusing your precious efforts only on the relevant topics and not wasting time on content that has been excluded. For the most current updates and detailed analysis, keep visiting VRSAM at https://vrsam-xg0qk.web.app/.

Is potentiometer in the JEE Mains syllabus?

Yes, that's right. The potentiometer is a key part of JEE Main Physics, and you will see it in two main topics:

• In the 'Current Electricity' unit: You will get to know how it works and how you can use it. This will help you look at the EMFs of two cells to see how they compare, and also help you find out the inner strength of a cell. These ideas are a big part of what you have to study.
• In the 'Experimental Skills' unit: The potentiometer is said to be a key experiment. Questions can come up about how it is set up, where you might make mistakes, how you read the numbers, and what you see in the results.

So, you need to know how the potentiometer works and practice using it too. This way, you can be ready for it.